预测并作出投资决定

你的分析和预测也许会是下面的结果:和瑞士一样,美国一个稳定的工业化国家,正处在经济发展周期中的缓慢增长阶段。经过分析之后,我建议:我们苏黎士银行应继续保留在美国的业务。我行在美的投资应主要集中在股票和债券市场上。我很难为客户找到其它比美国更好、更安全的投资地。但我认为,1990 年美国会进入为期两年左右的经济衰退期,衰退之后的恢复期也会较长而且速度较慢。

上面 MBA 所做的预测对你来说肯定是很有启发的。

作为银行家,如果我对将来做出了多种预测,MBA 们就称之为“方案分析”(Scenario Aanlysis)。用同样方法收集来的数据,人们分析的方法不同,预测的经济前景也就不同。精明的经理们是会事先准备好发生不测时的应急方案的。

国情分析可以说是一种将一个国家大量的经济数据收集起来进行分析的多用途工具。上面介绍的就是跨国公司董事会用以研究公司战略、世界上最优秀的投资机构的经济研究部门分析问题时所采用的方法。

经济学总结

总之,MBA 应掌握的最基本的宏观经济学和微观经济学的内容并不像你想象的那么复杂。

微观经济学:在某一均衡价格,需求和供给相等。消费者尽量降低机会成本,同时使利润边际效益和边际效用最大化。如果消费者对价格变化有反应,经济学家则称这种行为为弹性。

宏观经济学:凯恩斯主义学派认同政府及消费者开支和

消费的正面作用。弗里德曼和他的货币主义学派的朋友们坚信对货币供给的控制能起到好的作用。两大阵营均有各自正当的理由,但在解释经济如何运作时,都没有绝对的说服力。双方意见统一的是都认为在某一均衡价格下供需相等。

国际经济学:世界各国以“国际收支”的统计方法跟踪着各自经济的运行情况。若治理国家有方,该国的通货膨胀就会低,经济会持续增长而且稳定,外汇储备能保持较高水平,本国货币价格稳定。如果不是这样,该国的经济就会像黎巴嫩一样陷入泥潭。

好了,现在你就可以用所学的方法,预测你感兴趣的国家今后经济发展的情况了。

需要掌握的主要词语 (KEY ECONOMICS TAKEAWAYS)

Microeconomics-The study of individual,fami- ly,company, and industry economic behavior

Macroeconomics- The study of the behavior of entire economies

Equilibrium — The point at which the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded and a mutually agreeable price is determined

Marginal Revenue and Cost—The added revenue and cost of producing and selling one additional unit

Elasticity—The change in buyers' demand as a result of price changes

Market Structures—The competitive environment in an industry determined by the number of sellers and the product's characteristics

Keynesian Theory—Spending and consumption are the main drivers of an economy.

Monetarist Theory—The size and growth of the money supply determines the growth of the economy. Money makes the world go around.

Gross National Product—The total amount of final goods and services produced by an economy over a period of time

The Spending Multiplier—The economic ripple effect of money being circulated in an economy: Spending for one

person is income for another.

Fiscal Policy—A government's spending policy

Monetary Policy — A government's policy of controlling the supply of money and interest rates

Adam Smith — The economist who wrote about the “invisible hand”of capitalism in The Wealth of Nations in 1776

Artbur Laffer — 1980s economist who developed the Laffer Curve, which illustrated that lower tax rates would result in higher tax revenues

Balance of Payments—The accounting for the inflows and outflows of foreign exchange of a country

Country Analysis—A systematic framework to organize economic data and make predictions about the future prospects of a nation