表 2.13 地壳的元素丰度表(重量%)
原子序数 |
元素 |
克拉克和华盛顿 ( 1924 ) |
维诺格拉多夫 ( 1962 ) |
泰勒 ( 1964 ) |
黎彤( 1976 ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
H |
0.88 |
— | — |
0.14 |
2 |
He |
—/ |
— | — |
1.6 × 10-9 |
3 |
Li |
0.004 |
0.0032 |
0.0020 |
0.0021 |
4 |
Be |
0.001 |
3.8 × 10-4 |
2.8 × 10-4 |
1.3 × 10-4 |
5 |
B |
0.001 |
1.2 × 10-3 |
0.001 |
7.6 × 10-4 |
6 |
C |
0.087 |
0.023 |
0.020 |
0.280 |
7 |
N |
0.03 |
1.9 × 10-3 |
0.00020 |
0.0018 |
8 |
O |
49.52 |
47.00 |
46.40 |
46.00 |
9 |
F |
0.027 |
0.066 |
0.0625 |
0.045 |
10 |
Ne |
— |
— | — |
7 × 10-9 |
11 |
Na |
2.64 |
2.50 |
2.36 |
2.300 |
12 |
Mg |
1.94 |
1.87 |
2.33 |
2.800 |
13 |
Al |
7.51 |
8.05 |
8.23 |
8.300 |
14 |
Si |
25.75 |
29.50 |
28.15 |
27.00 |
15 |
P |
0.12 |
0.093 |
0.105 |
0.120 |
16 |
S |
0.048 |
0.047 |
0.026 |
0.040 |
17 |
Cl |
0.19 |
0.17 |
0.13 |
0.028 |
18 |
Ar |
— |
— | — |
4 × 10-6 |
19 |
K |
2.40 |
2.50 |
2.09 |
1.700 |
20 |
Ca |
3.39 |
2.96 |
4.15 |
5.200 |
21 |
Sc |
n × 10-5 |
1 × 10-3 |
0.0022 |
0.0018 |
22 |
Ti |
0.58 |
0.45 |
0.57 |
0.64 |
23 |
V |
0.016 |
0.009 |
0.0135 |
0.014 |
24 |
Cr |
0.03 |
0.0083 |
0.010 |
0.011 |
25 |
Mn |
0.08 |
0.10 |
0.095 |
0.013 |
26 |
Fe |
4.70 |
4.65 |
5.596 |
5.80 |
27 |
Co |
0.01 |
0.0018 |
0.0025 |
0.0025 |
28 |
Ni |
0.018 |
0.0058 |
0.0075 |
0.0089 |
29 |
Cu |
0.01 |
0.0047 |
0.0055 |
0.0063 |
30 |
Zn |
0.004 |
0.0083 |
0.007 |
0.0094 |
31 |
Ga |
n × 10-9 |
0.0019 |
0.0015 |
0.0018 |
32 |
Ge |
n × 10-9 |
1.4 × 10-4 |
1.5 × 10-4 |
1.4 × 10-4 |
33 |
As |
n × 10-4 |
1.7 × 10-4 |
1.8 × 10-4 |
2.2 × 10-4 |
34 |
Se |
n × 10-6 |
5 × 10-6 |
5 × 10-6 |
8 × 10-6 |
续表(2.13)
原子序数 |
元素 |
克拉克和华盛顿 ( 1924 ) |
维诺格拉多夫 ( 1962 ) |
泰勒 ( 1964 ) |
黎彤 ( 1976 ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
35 |
Br |
n × 10-4 |
2.1 × 10-4 |
2.5 × 10-4 |
4.4 × 10-4 |
36 |
Kr |
— |
— |
— | — |
37 |
Rb |
n × 10-3 |
0.015 |
0.009 |
0.0078 |
38 |
Sr |
0.017 |
0.034 |
0.0375 |
0.048 |
39 |
Y |
— |
0.0029 |
0.0033 |
0.0024 |
40 |
Zr |
0.023 |
0.017 |
0.0165 |
0.013 |
41 |
Nb |
0.002 |
0.002 |
0.002 |
0.0019 |
42 |
Mo |
n × 10-4 |
1.1 × 10-4 |
1.5 × 10-4 |
1.3 × 10-4 |
43 |
Tc |
— |
— |
— | — |
44 |
Ru |
n × 10-9 |
— |
— |
1 × 10-7 |
45 |
Rh |
n × 10-9 |
— |
— |
1 × 10-7 |
46 |
Pd |
n × 10-9 |
1.3 × 10-6 |
— |
1 × 10-6 |
47 |
Ag |
n × 10-6 |
7 × 10-6 |
7 × 10-6 |
8 × 10-6 |
48 |
Cd |
n × 10-5 |
1.3 × 10-5 |
2 × 10-5 |
2 × 10-5 |
49 |
In |
n × 10-9 |
2.5 × 10-4 |
1 × 10-5 |
1 × 10-5 |
50 |
Sn |
n × 10-4 |
2.5 × 10-4 |
2 × 10-4 |
1.7 × 10-4 |
51 |
Sb |
n × 10-5 |
5 × 10-5 |
2 × 10-5 |
6 × 10-3 |
52 |
Te |
n × 10-7 |
1 × 10-7 |
— |
1 × 10-7 |
53 |
I |
n × 10-5 |
4 × 10-5 |
5 × 10-4 |
6 × 10-3 |
54 |
Xe |
— |
— |
— | — |
55 |
Cs |
n × 10-7 |
3.7 × 10-4 |
3 × 10-4 |
1.4 × 10-4 |
56 |
Ba |
0.047 |
0.065 |
0.0425 |
0.039 |
57 |
La |
— |
0.0029 |
3 × 10-3 |
0.0039 |
58 |
Ce |
— |
0.007 |
6 × 10-3 |
0.0043 |
59 |
Pr |
— |
9 × 10-4 |
8.2 × 10-4 |
5.7 × 10-4 |
60 |
Nd |
— |
0.0037 |
2.8 × 10-3 |
0.0026 |
61 |
Pm |
— |
— |
— | — |
62 |
Sm |
— |
8 × 10-4 |
6 × 10-4 |
6.7 × 10-4 |
63 |
Eu |
— |
1.3 × 10-4 |
1.2 × 10-4 |
1.2 × 10-4 |
64 |
Gd |
— |
8 × 10-4 |
5.4 × 10-4 |
6.7 × 10-4 |
65 |
Tb |
— |
4.3 × 10-4 |
9 × 10-5 |
1.1 × 10-4 |
66 |
Dy |
— |
5 × 10-4 |
3 × 10-4 |
4.1 × 10-4 |
67 |
Ho |
— |
1.7 × 10-4 |
1.2 × 10-4 |
1.4 × 10-4 |
68 |
Er |
— |
3.3 × 10-4 |
2.8 × 10-4 |
2.7 × 10-4 |