分词短语变从句题解

在很多情况下，英语中的分词短语可以转换为从句形式，但有时却不能进行转换。学习时，需掌握下述两点。

1. 分词短语作伴随状语与结果状语时，一般不能转换为状语从句，但可转换为并列谓语或并列句。如：

Holding his head high，he walked past the pole and the soldiers.

→Heheld his head high and walked past the pole and the soldiers.

1. 分词短语作补足语时，一般不可转换成从句。如：I'm sorryto have kept you waiting so long a time.

在掌握二者不能相互转换的基础上，应进一步掌握二者可以转换的基本技巧，尤应掌握转换过程中时态的运用。时态的运用可归纳为下列两种情况：

1. 分词短语的动作与句中主要动词的动作同时发生。这时，应对分词是属于延续性动词还是非延续性动词给予足够的重视，以便确定从句的状态。

①分词为延续性动词，转换时，从句使用进行时态。如：

Wandering through the streets ， I suddenly caught sight of a tailor'sshop.→When I was wandering through the streets，I suddenly caught sightof a tailor's shop.

②分词为非延续性动词，转换时，从句时态与主句时态一致。如：

Turning to the left，he suddenly found the shop.→When he turned tothe left，he suddenly found the shop.

③上述情况均指分词短语用作时间状态。若分词短语表示原因、条件等， 从句词语与主句谓语在时态上均保持一致。如：

Not knowing much English，he got out his dictionary and looked up theword″cough″.→Because he did not know much English，he got out hisdictionary and looked up the word″cough″.

1. 分词短语的动作先于主要动词的动作。这时，从句时态取决于主要动词的时态。

①主要动词为现在时态时，从句用过去时。如：

The man talking to us yesterday is a professor from Beijing University.→The man who talked to us yesterday is a professor from BeijingUniversity.

②主要动词为过去时态，从句多用过去完成时。如：

Having heard this，the Genie changed again into smoke.→Because hehad heard this，the Genie changed again into smoke.→When he had heardthis，the Genie change again into smoke.→After he（had）heard this，theGenie changed again into smoke.