三、作主语和表语的-ING 动名词与动词不定式的区别

一般来说，-ING 形式表示抽象的动作，而不定式则表示某次具体动作， 特别是将来的动作。请看下边-ING 形式与不定式的比较：

1. Reading or writing too long without rest is harmful to the health.

Don't work too hard.It's no good to your health for you to read too long without rest.

2. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work

asignments.

Do you know how to improve your grades without having to spend more

time studying?

3. Getting reading materials for graduate entrance exam in the remote areas is very difficult.

It is essential for you to go over all the reference books before the exam.

4. Their job is producing parts of the

machine.

To study is our present main task in this

period.

从上述可以看出：在多数情况下，-ING 动名词作主语不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，而不定式作主语经常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。