四、不定代词

不定代词主要集中在下面几个(对)常用词:

  1. every(每一个),every 只作为定语使用,即必须在其后加上单数可数名词构成名词短语,它不可与 everyone(每一个)混淆,everyone相当于名词,它不可修饰其他名词,只作主语或宾语,例如:

knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated, but how many realize that they were once homes for the indigent and the friendless?

  1. Every B) Each

C) everyone D) one

  1. 为正确答案。every 和 each 不可单独充当句子成分,one 为主语时应加上一个由 who 引导的定语从句。这里 C)everyone 为正确答案。

child in the United States must receive some form of

educational instruction.

  1. Everyone B) Everybody

C) Every D) One

C)为正确答案。Every,修饰 child。

  1. much 和 many

    分别修饰不可数名词和可数名词,可作为代词和形容词使用,例如:

Food seasoning plays an important role in the cooking customs of cultures in the world.

  1. much B)little
  1. every D) many

D 为正确答案。因为被修饰词 cultures 为可数名词,故其修饰语应用many。

The general sales tax has been a major source of income for state governments, of which derive more than half of their budgets from it.

  1. much B)one C)every D)many

D 为正确答案。因为空白处所指代的是可数名词 governments(复数), many 在本句中为代词,作非限定性定语从句的主语。

Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is evidence that huge thunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn.

A)much B)little C)every D)many

A)为正确答案。因为 evidence(证据,迹象)为不可数名词,故应用much 来修饰。

  1. 其他常考的几个(对)代词:
  1. some 和 any 是表示不定数量的代词,相当于汉语的“一些”,这两词作定语可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,其中 some 多用于肯定句,而 any 则用于疑问句和否定句中,其中 any 在否定句中相当于汉语中的“任何”。但有些表示请求、建议或反问等的疑问句中要用some,例:

Historians have never reached general agreement about the precise causes of the Civil War in the United States.

  1. any B)some C)few D)anyone

A)为正确答案。因为本句为否定句,(否定副词 never),应该用 any,此处表示“(没有达成过)任何共识”。

  1. another 和 other 分别表示“另外的一个”(an+other)和“另外的”

    “其余的”意思,可以用作定语修饰名词或单独作主语与宾语,其中前者只用来修饰或指代单数可数名词,后者则单复数名词均可,二者不能相互混淆,例:

Lizards lack the built-in body temperature control many creatures possess.

  1. another B)other C)each other D)any another

B 为正确答案。other 用来修饰可数复数名词 creatures。本句是一个省略了关系代词 that(或 which)的定语从句,control 为名词作主句

中及物动词(谓语)lack 的滨语,同时又受其后面定语从句的修饰。(3)one⋯another 和 one⋯the other,两者都表示“一个⋯男一个” 的意思,所不同的是,前者中的 another 表示多个(三者以上)之中的“另一个”,“又一个”的意思,而后者中的 the other 则表示两者之中剩下的那一个,例:

Though Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight vision in ,hebecame an internationally renowned jazz musician.

  1. another B)others C)one another D)the other

D 为正确答案。因为此处表示两者之中的另一个,Art Tatum 为人的名字,他只有两只眼睛,故提到“另一只”时应用 the other。(4)few 和 little,两者分别为 many 和 much 的反义词,表示“少,很少”的意思,有否定含义,即等于“几乎没有”,如若表示肯定的含义,则应在 little 和 few 前加不定冠词“a”,即变为“a few”和“a little”, 例:

Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear image,most non-prefessional photographs demand equipment.

  1. ittle B)few

C)less D)more

A)为正确答案。因为 equipment 为不可数名词,故其修饰语应用little,few 后面只接可数复数名词。

(5)a great deal (of)(大量)只作为限定语修饰不可数名词或在句中指代不可数名词作主语或宾语,例:

of gift-giving, barter, buying and selling goes on among the Narvjos.

A)A great deal B)A great many C)Much greater D)Many

  1. 为正确答案。空白后为不可数名词“ gift-giving, barter, buying”,填“a great deal of”再好不过,其余答案均不可在后接不可数名词,其中 C)后不可出现介词短语,因为 greater 为形容词, 其后应有被修饰成分。