第五节 实例与分析

  1. The idea that learning is a lifelong process by philosophers and educationalists throughout the centuries.

    1. expresses B) expressed

  1. has expressed D) has been expressed

  2. has been expressed

    为正确答案，空档后面的介词“by”引出的短语更给了我们暗示要使用被动语态。

  1. To understand the situation completely requires more thought than thus far.

    1. has given B) hve given

C) has been given D) have been given

C)为正确答案。注意，这里 than 后的从句省略了主语，而只剩下谓语部分。

  1. If it doesn't rain within the next few weeks, the crops will have to be watered if they are .

    1. will survive B) to be survived

C) to survive D) survived

C)为正确答案。英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态。survive 在当“活下来”讲时为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。它作及物动词意为“比⋯ 活得长，幸免于”，如：“He survived his wife for many years.”

（他在妻子去世后活了许多年）； “ The crops survived the drought.”

（庄稼未被旱死）。另外，诸如 happenoccur，take place，break out 等不及物动词或短语以及诸如 result from（缘于），belong to， consist of 等习惯上只用主动语态的短语都不用于被动语态。

  1. The electric shaver before it can be used.

    1. needs repairing B) should be in repair

C) has to be repairable D) must repair

A)为正确答案。动词“need”加“v-ing”可以表示被动，相当于“needs to be repaired”。这类动词还有 want，desire，deserve，bear， 以及“be worth”等。如：“The film is not worth seeing twice.”； “Your composition reads well.”有少数动词的进行时也可表示被动，这类动词有 print，bind，cook 等，如：“The book is printing.”