第一节 名词用法、实例与分析
英语中有些名词通常只有单数形式,即为不可数名词,考生切不可受汉语的影响。下列名词为不可数名:
advice/anger/applause/baggage/cake/chalk/chocolate/cloth/bread
/dama6e/equipment/truit/furniture/gold/informa- tion/ink/jewellery/luggage/mail( 邮 件 ) /money/ news/ paper/ protectionsoap/sugar/toothpaste/weaponry/machinery/scenery/personn el/work/ 如 果 要 表 达 汉 语 的 数 量 , 我 们 可 以 加a(n)piece(sheet,tube,item,bar,etc.)以表示一件(片,管,项,条,块等)
不可数名词可以与表示量的可数名词连用,借以表示“可数”的概念, 如:
a piece of advice( 一个建议) /a basket of fruiit/an item of information(一则信息)/a kind of protection。
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Ten years had passed.I found she had .
- a little white hair B)some white hair C)much white hair D)a few white hairs
D)为正确答案。有些不可数名以复数形式出现时,其含义会发生变化。“hair”本来是不可数名词,泛指“头发”,但变复数后意为“(可数的) 若干根头发”,其他的如 fruit 和 danage 等也有类似的用法
He bought apples, oranges and other fruits.("fruits"在此处意为“多种水果”)
The insurance company paid $10000in damages for the accident.("damage"本来为不可数名词“损害”,变复数后意思是“损失赔偿费”。)
单复数含义不同的名词还有:communication(通讯)——communications
(通讯系统,通讯工具);content(内容)——contents(目录);convenience
(便利)——conveniences(便利设备);humanity(人类)——humanites
(人文科学):necessity(需要)——necessities(必需品);pain(疼痛)——pains(辛劳);ruin(毁灭)——ruins(废墟,遗迹);sand(沙子)——sands(沙地);wood(木材)——woods(树林);work(工作)
——works(工厂,著作)。
另外,有些名词通常只用复数形式,如:fundamentals(基本原则), goods,means,rapids(急流),shorts,sweets,valuables(贵重物品)。
英语里有些名词的单复数变化较为特殊,需特别注意: analysis- analyses,hacterium-bacteria,crisis-crises,criterion- criteria,formula-formulae(或 formulas ) ,fungus-fungi,phenomenon-
phenomena
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In the 20th century chemists have learned to make of new compounds
that never existed before.
- the thousand B)thousans
C)a thousand D)one thousand “thousand”以及“hundred”和“million”前若没有其他限定修饰时
(如“a few”、“one”、“ten”等),则要用复数形式,后面再加“of”, 表示不定数。“thousands of compounds”意为“数以千计的化合物”。再如:They were killed by thousands.他们被数以千计地杀害。
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Take an umbrella with you in case of .
- it rains B)the rain
C)rain D)raining
C)为正确答案。定冠词一般表特指,但本句中的“rain”并不专指哪一场雨,故不必在前加“the”。试比较:They walked out in the rain.
(特指那场雨)/a heavy rain(一场大雨)当数词和名词(有时后面再加表长短、大小的形容词)一起构成合成词修饰后面的名词时,其中的名词应用单数。比较:a three-year-old boy,three-mile-long walk。
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It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop
changes round shape into a teardrop shape 。
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of the drop B)the drop's C)drop of D)drops their
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为正确答案。本句空白处缺限定词,和“round”一起修饰名词“shape”。 “drop”在此处为名词(水滴),它和后面的“(round)shape”有所属关系,故用所有格。
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