but

anything but 除⋯⋯以外任何事物，决不

  1. I know him by name and not by sight.(以⋯方式）

  2. We are paid by the hour.（以⋯为单位计算）

  3. This table is two metres by four.（表示相乘，宽度）

  4. He solved the problem step by step.（表示逐个）

  5. He will come by six.（不迟于）

  6. I have a gun by me.（在手头，在身边）

  7. She is a teacher by profession.（就⋯来说）

  8. The bus company raised the fare by 50%.（至⋯程度）

  9. John prefers travelling by night.（在⋯期间）