第二节 实例与分析

  1. am interested in you have told me. A)which B)all that

C)all what D)that

B 为正确答案。定语从句前必须有先行词，第 1 例空白后不能填 which 或 that，因为它们引导的定语从句前没有先行词；选项 C“all what” 也不正确，因为 what 兼具先行词和关系词作用，若去掉 all,空白处只填 what 就对了；选项 B 中的 all 为代词，作介词 in 的宾语，“that you⋯me”作定语从句修饰“all”。

  1. You are just the same as you were the day I first met you.

    1. that B)which

C)when D)how

C 为正确答案。关系代词一定要在从句中充当某种成分，如例中若空白处填入 which 或 that,指代 the day, 那么它在从句中就没有了相应的位置，因为从句中主、谓、宾齐全。填入关系副词 when 后，它就可以在从句中充当状语，相当于“on the day”。

  1. The minister was the person .

    1. in whose honor the state dinner was given

    2. whom the state dinner was given in honor

    3. for him the state dinner was given honor

    4. whose honor the state dinner was given

A 为正确答案。例中的先行词为 the person,它在后面从句中只有充当honor 的定语，故用关系词 whose 连接，类似这样的句还有：

The minister was the person whose daughter was a translator. The minister is now in the city where the accident occurred. The minister is the person about whom we often talked.

  1. Many species can communicate an amazing amount of information via

    sound, information both the life of an individual and the continued existence of the species may depend.

    1. which B)on which C)where D)why

例中的空白处应指代 information, 但它在从句中没有相应位置，因

为 depend 是不及物动词，在 which 前加上on 后，which 就可作“depend on”宾语。

  1. The new hotel has erected a beautiful building with recreation areas

    and conference facilities on the top floor the finest view of the city can be obtained.

    1. in which B)what C)that D)where

D)为正确答案。如果选 A)，“in which”中的 which 指代 floor，但“in floor”讲不通，改为“from which”或“on which”都可以， 但不如用 where，作从句中的状语。

  1. Not wanting to inconvenience anybody, I tried to get to the meeting

    early, but because of a traffic jam I was late.

    1. in which B)which C)that D)where

A)为正确答案。B)项是不对的，只有 which 前加上 in 后，which 就可作 in 的宾语，从句变为：I was caught in a traffic jam.因此， 是否需要介词，以及需要哪个介词，要看上下文而定。

  1. He studied hard at school when he was young contributes to his

    success in later life.

    1. which B)therefore C)where D)so that
  1. 为正确答案。本例是由 which 引导的非限定性定语从句（一般不用that）,which 指代上面的句子，也就是说，上面的句子是它的先行词。选项 C“which”前没有先行词，D“sothat"为连词，后面的句子没有主语。

  1. is inconceivable that the boy might have stolen the money and fled.

    1. He B)This

C)There D)It D)为正确答案。

上例为主语从句，主语从句分三种； 1.由“what”等代词引起的主语从句：

What I am interested in is collecting stamps and playing chess.

（“what⋯in”是句子的主语，“what”本身充当主语从句的介词(in)宾语。）

  1. 由连词“that”引起的主语从句：

That technological progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.

（“That⋯scarcities”是本句主语，that 本身无意义。） 由于主语过长，更多的情况下，本句说成：

It is a fact accepted by economists that technological ⋯ scarcities.（“it”充当逻辑主语。）

  1. 由其他连接代词或副词引导的主语从句：

How some animals find their way home is not known.

本句中的“how”不可换为“that”。当句子为肯定性陈述时，主语从句应由“that”引导；反之，非肯定性结论由疑问代词或副词及whether 引导，试比较：

That Betty Ross made the first United States flag is widely believed.

When(How, why, where)Betty Ross made the first United States flag is still a mystery.

  1. is no reason for discharging her. A)Beause she was a few monutes

    late

  1. Owing to a few minutes being late

  2. The fact that she was a few minutes late

  3. Being a few minutes late

C)为正确答案。本例为同位语从句，原句主干为： The fact is no reason for discjarging her.“that she⋯late”是一个从句，作fact 的同位语，即是 fact 的具体内容。跟同位语从句的名词主要有： fact, theory, reason, doubt 等。

  1. It is because she is too inexperienced she does not know how to deal

    with the situation.

    1. so B)that

C)so that D)therefore B)为正确答案。

上例为“it⋯that(who)”强调句型，再如：

It is in the garden that I saw him.（强调状语） It is him that I saw.（强调宾语）

It is I who saw him.（强调主语）

It is yesterday that I saw him.（强调时间状语）

  1. we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at

    once.

    1. Since that B)Since now C)By now D)Now that

D)为正确答案。本例中的“now that”是连词，表示“既然”，相当于“since”。

  1. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication the

    advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.

    1. in that B)in which C)in order that D)in the way

A)为正确答案。本例中的“in that”相当于“since”或“because”, 又如：The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

  1. What it rains while we are a long way from shelter?

    1. for B)if

C)with D)time

  1. 为正确答案。本例中的“what if”可译为“万一⋯怎么办”，原

句意为：

万一天下雨而我们又离避雨的地方远怎么办？