第一节 形容词比较级和最高级的变化形式一、形容比较级和最高级的形式变化
形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下:
构 |
成 |
法 |
原 |
级 |
比 较 级 |
最 高 级 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.一般单音节词末尾加-er 和- est |
strong |
stronger |
strongest |
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2.单音节词如果以-e 结尾,只加-r 和-st |
strange |
stranger |
strangest |
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3.闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er 和-est |
sad hot |
big |
sadder bigger hotter |
saddest biggest hottest |
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4.少数以-y ,-er (或-ure ), -ow ,-ble 结尾的双音节词, 末尾加-er 和-est(以-y 结尾的词,如-y 前是辅音字母,把 y 变成 i ,再加-er 和-est ,以-e 结尾的词仍只加-r 和-st ) |
angry clever narrow noble |
angrier cleverer narrower nobler |
angrest cleverest narrowest narrowest noblest |
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5.其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词 more 和 most |
different |
more different |
most different |
下边是大纲中的形容词,我们把它们进行了归类,看你是否都知道它们的含义。
(一)大纲中类似“1.”的单词还有:
cheap |
grand |
odd |
queer |
smart |
stiff |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cool |
great |
old |
rich |
smooth |
strict |
deep |
hard |
open |
rough |
small |
sweet |
dark |
loud |
poor |
short |
steep |
swift |
fast |
low |
proud |
slow |
stern |
thick |
gay |
new |
(二)大纲中类似“2.”的单词还有:
bare |
fierce |
loose |
ripe |
sharp |
tense |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
brave |
free |
nice |
rude |
simple |
white |
close |
hum- |
pure |
safe |
stale |
wide |
crude |
ble |
rare |
scarce |
tame |
wise |
dense |
large |
(三)“3.”中所说的是指单词中最后一个元音是重音音节,而且最后结尾的辅音是单个。试比较:
fat → fatter → fattest neat → neater → neatest mad → madder → maddest thick → thicker → thickest
大纲中类似“3.”的单词还有:
big fat fit flat thin
(四)大纲中类似“4.”的单词还有:
slender |
funny |
lucky |
sticky |
mellow |
---|---|---|---|---|
bloody |
greedy |
merry |
stuffy |
shallow |
busy |
happy |
muddy |
tasty |
able |
costly |
hasty |
naughty |
thirsty |
feeble |
crazy |
heavy |
noisy |
tidy |
gentle |
dry |
holy |
pretty |
ugly |
simple |
early |
icy |
rainy |
uneasy |
sleepy |
easy |
jolly |
shady |
wealthy |
mature |
fancy |
lazy |
silly |
worry |
obscure |
三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加 more 和 most,如只能说 more beautiful 而不能说 beautifuller;只能说 the most beautiful 而不能说 beautifullest。
但是以形容前缀-un 结尾的三音节形容词如 unhappy,untidy 除外,我们可以说:unhapper→unhappiest,untidier→untidiest
由-ING 分和-ED 分词(包括不规则动词如 know→known)演变过来的形容词只能加 more 或 most 来表示它们的比较级和最高级。如: more(most)striking,more(most) interesting,more(most)wounded,more(most)worn 等。
英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式,如:
absolute |
foremost |
possible |
supreme |
---|---|---|---|
chief |
inevitable |
primary |
universal |
entire |
infinite |
right |
utter |
eternal |
main |
simulta- |
vital |
excellent |
naked |
neous |
whole |
fatal |
perfect |
sufficient |
wooden |
final |