第四节 NMET 短文改错备考精要

一、短文改错的命题特点

通常从以下几个方面考虑：

  1. 考查英语的曲折附加成份（以表现英语学科显著的特点）。

  2. 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。

  3. 估计考生可能出现的错误。

命题之一：英语的曲折附加成份。

英语学科显著的特点是指拼音文字所特有的表现形式，包括英语的曲折附加成份，如：动词的曲折变化，名词复数的曲折变化，代词的曲折变化， 比较形容词的曲折变化等，而汉语则无这种变化。

英语动词多变的外在形式，包括动词现在时第三人称单数、动词过去时和过去分词。

注：本节使用[ ] 符号表示：（在题目中）加缺漏词，（符号处为答案）。1.We were driving along a narrow road when the car[stop] working.

stopped

  1. The new boy or girl in school quickly[become] one of the class after a few games. becomes

  2. Anyone may borrow books and it[cost] nothing to borrow them. costs.

  3. Bill[is]standing at the side of the car，（talking to two men who was helping him to repair it.）. was

  4. I went back to get David and helped him to[stood]up. stand

  5. Last sun day， police cars [ hurry] to the tallest building. hurried

  6. Also，scientist sand doctors[had]learned how to deal with many diseases. have

  7. If the book you[will] want is out，you may ask for it to be called back for you⋯[would]

  8. ⋯⋯talking to two men who[was]helping him to repair it. were

    10.However，David and I did not agree and David Pointed to a path

which he thought would probably[leading] to a village. lead 11.（if the book you want is out，you may ask for it tobe called

back for you，and if you pay）the cost of [Spend] a postcard，the librarian will（write to you⋯）.spending

12.Charles and Linda Mason do all these things a swell as[climed]buildings. climbing

as well as 为复合介词短语，其后接（动）名词。名词复数的曲折变化：

  1. Different people speak different [language]，⋯ languages

  2. We have been to Europe many[time]times

  3. There are branch[library] in many villages. libraries

  4. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some[waters] from

a stream. water

代词的曲折变化：

  1. The game speaks for[themselves] itself

  2. When we walked to the car，Bill smiled and shook[ ] head.

    his

比较形容词的曲折变化：

1. Police cars hurried to the[taller] building in New York.tallest 2.（As a result，people in the morden world）generally live much

[（more）] longer than people in the past. more

4. In some places you may borrow[ ] many books as you want，⋯

as

词性的变化（从一类词派生另一类词是英语学科的又一显著特点。不同

的句法功能要求使用与之相适应的词性）。

l. A player’s native language is not [importance]important 2.As soon as I see a[ eraly]tall building，I want to Clim it . real. 命题之二：学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误（介词常和活跃的动词搭配，

构成表达法，是 NMET 短文改错的重要内容）。

  1. People in different parts [in]the world learn to understand one of another through sports .of

  2. People in different parts of the world learn to understand one[with]another through sports .[of]

  3. David and I wanted to go off to find help but Bill insisted [in]staying near the car .on

  4. WhenI have free time I go[ ]a long walk. for

  5. When they came down the police were angry [to]them. with

    忽视汉语中没有和英语冠词相对应的词这一特性。

  1. One dose not need to understand the language of[ ]other.

the

  1. Some people read[the]books or watch TV while others have

sports.

  1. Good health is [ ] person’s most valuablepossession. a

    忽视英语中的一致现象（包括动词与其主语的一致，称谓的一致，主从

句中时态的一致等）。

  1. Different people speak different languages，but sports have a language of[its]own.[their]

  2. The game speaks for[themselves]. itself

  3. The new boy or girl in school quickly becomes one of the class after[]few games .a

忽视英语中的平行结构现象（在表达平行概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，其时态及其形式应一致；形容词与形容词相配，要注意只有程度相当的形容词才能配合使用，即原级形容词与原级形容词相配；比较形容词与比较形容词相配；最高形容词与最高形容词相配；分词与分词相配；不定式与不定式相配；短语与短语相配；平行结构常借助于并列

连词 and，or 等）。

  1. Modern people know more about the health，have better food， and[to]live in cleaner surroundings.

  2. He said it was best to stay until help arrived rather then go into the forest and[getting]lost .get

  3. Anyone may borrow books and it[cost]nothing to borrow them. costs

  4. If the book you want is out，you may ask for it to be called back for you，and [whether]you pay. if

命题之三：估计考生可能出现的错误

忽视 and→but；and→or；x→not 对于整个句意的逻辑关系所造成的根本变化。

  1. A football player from Japan can[not]play with a player from England.

  2. The new person on the job feels better after he[and] she has played—lenn is with other people in the office. or

忽视英语句子的连接必须使用并列或从属连词这一特性。

  1. People[ ]do not know each other often become friends after have played together. who

  2. However，David and I did not agree and David pointed to a path which[it] he thought would probably lead to a village.

忽视常见近似形词语的差异。

He[lied]down by the side of the path to rest. lay